DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING CRITERIA OF NEPHROBLASTOMA IN CHILDREN USING A COMPREHENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL APPROACH

Abstract

Nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) is the most common malignant kidney tumor in children, accounting for up to 90% of all kidney tumors. Modern diagnostics are based on the integrated use of ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, which allows for the accurate determination of tumor localization, size, vascular invasion, the presence of metastases, the degree of risk, and the stage according to international SIOP and COG protocols. The work examines modern criteria for visualizing nephroblastoma in children, characteristic ultrasound and tomographic signs, the role of CT and MRI in determining tumor spread, detecting thrombus formation in the inferior vena cava, and metastatic lesions of the lungs and liver. The significance of radiological methods for choosing surgical tactics and evaluating the response to preoperative chemotherapy is analyzed. A comprehensive radiological approach ensures early tumor detection, accurate staging, and improved treatment effectiveness.